Hamlet Analyzed In Terms Of Aristotles Poetics Essays (825 words)

Hamlet Analyzed in Terms of Aristotle's Poetics Hamlet Analyzed in Terms of Aristotle's Poetics Aristotle's Poetics is considered the guide to a well written tragedy; his methods have been used for centuries. In Aristotle's opinion, plot is the most important aspect of the tragedy, all other parts such as character, diction, and thought stem from the plot. Aristotle defines a tragedy as an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions(p. 22). Shakespeare's Hamlet follows this definition for the most part, and even though it is not always in agreement with Aristotle's guidelines, it is still a great and effective tragedy. Aristotle states that tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude(p. 22). Hamlet is an excellent example of this. The play centers around Hamlet's quest to avenge his father's death, this is a serious action. It is also complete in the sense that all the loose ends are tied together in a sensible, believable manner. Hamlet is able to avenge his father's death by killing his uncle. Shakespeare also follows Aristotle's idea of the tragedy being of a certain magnitude. The characters are supposed to be the most perfect people whom the audience can still relate to. Hamlet is a wealthy prince, however he deals with the same problems as the common man. He is confused, paranoid, and angered about the circumstances surrounding his father's death. He is also unsure of himself and how he should handle the situation. The audience can relate to this uncertain feeling and they are able to empathize with Hamlet. Aristotle believes that in order for a tragedy to be effective, it must convey pity and fear. He defines pity as a felling that is aroused by unmerited misfortune (p. 27). Hamlet undoubtedly suffers this unmerited misfortune. He has done nothing to bring about his father's death. To make the situation even more painful, his mother has married his uncle whom he suspects is responsible for the tragedy. These circumstances illicit pity from the audience. The fear of impending evil is also prevalent in the play. As the plot progresses, it becomes clear that the king is plotting to kill Hamlet and Hamlet is planning to kill the king. Hamlet's plot is what Aristotle considers complex. It is accompanied by Recognition, which is a change from ignorance to knowledge, producing love or hate between the persons destined by the poet for good or bad fortune(p. 26). The Recognition occurs when the play within the play is staged for the king. The play is a reenactment of what Hamlet believes happened to his father. His uncle is so upset and flustered by the play that he runs from the room. This action indicates to Hamlet that his suspicions were correct and his uncle is indeed responsible for King Hamlet's death. Hamlet later finds the king in a church praying and is tempted to kill him there, but decides against it because he will go to heaven since he is praying. From this, the audience is able to infer that Hamlet will attempt to kill his uncle later in the play. Aristotle stresses that diction is important to make the tragedy believable. Shakespeare utilizes diction perfectly and everything his characters say is appropriate for them to be saying. For instance, the king speaks like a king, he always dodges like a true politician. There is an obvious and necessary difference between the way he speaks and the way the gravediggers speak. The gravediggers are common men and therefor, speak as thought they are common men. There are some aspects of Poetics that Shakespeare does not follow. For instance, Aristotle states that in a great tragedy, there should be unity of time, place, and action. By this he means the action of the play should take place in the amount of time it takes to perform it, it should occur in one setting, and there should be one main plot or action. Shakespeare breaks all these rules. The play spans over a significant period of time. Also, the action occurs in various settings ranging from the palace to a plain in Denmark. Finally, there are several plots taking place simultaneously. For instance, as Hamlet is struggling with the death of his father, Ophelia is going insane because Hamlet is not returning her love or showing any interest in her. The audience feels pity for

Free Essays on Kant Kant

1. Thoroughly explain Kant’s understanding of morality, and identify at least two weaknesses of his moral theory. (Be sure to mention and explain the concepts of the Categorical Imperative, deontology, the role of reason, autonomy vs. heteronomy, whether the consequences of actions relate to their moral praiseworthiness). According to Kant, morality is a priori. That is, morality is independent of all experience. Just as there are physical laws, so are there moral laws. These moral laws are based on rational principles that are independent from feelings and emotions, but rather based solely on reason. These moral laws are also autonomous to individuals with each person capable of finding out for them-selves right from wrong. Central to Kant’s theory of morality is deontology that is duty-based ethics. Kant said, â€Å"An action done from duty must be wholly exclude the influence of inclination†. Therefore obeying moral laws also must be done without regard to ones inclinations (ones feelings, desires, ambitions and emotions). He stresses obedience to the moral principle regardless to the consequences. Kant said â€Å"to deviate from the principle of duty is beyond all doubt wicked†. Duty is the reason for obedience, not consequences. So we know, according to Kant, that moral laws are a priori (they exist just as gravity exist), they are autonomous (inherently in everyone), and they are our duty to obey without regard to our inclinations. What moral laws are we to obey? Kant formulates what he calls the Categorical Imperative. It’s basically similar to the golden rule, â€Å"do unto others as you would have them do unto you†. Likewise the Categorical Imperative tells us to act in such a way that we would want everyone else to act the same way. So if you can’t will the act to everyone then the act is immoral. Kant said, â€Å"Act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become a univ... Free Essays on Kant Kant Free Essays on Kant Kant 1. Thoroughly explain Kant’s understanding of morality, and identify at least two weaknesses of his moral theory. (Be sure to mention and explain the concepts of the Categorical Imperative, deontology, the role of reason, autonomy vs. heteronomy, whether the consequences of actions relate to their moral praiseworthiness). According to Kant, morality is a priori. That is, morality is independent of all experience. Just as there are physical laws, so are there moral laws. These moral laws are based on rational principles that are independent from feelings and emotions, but rather based solely on reason. These moral laws are also autonomous to individuals with each person capable of finding out for them-selves right from wrong. Central to Kant’s theory of morality is deontology that is duty-based ethics. Kant said, â€Å"An action done from duty must be wholly exclude the influence of inclination†. Therefore obeying moral laws also must be done without regard to ones inclinations (ones feelings, desires, ambitions and emotions). He stresses obedience to the moral principle regardless to the consequences. Kant said â€Å"to deviate from the principle of duty is beyond all doubt wicked†. Duty is the reason for obedience, not consequences. So we know, according to Kant, that moral laws are a priori (they exist just as gravity exist), they are autonomous (inherently in everyone), and they are our duty to obey without regard to our inclinations. What moral laws are we to obey? Kant formulates what he calls the Categorical Imperative. It’s basically similar to the golden rule, â€Å"do unto others as you would have them do unto you†. Likewise the Categorical Imperative tells us to act in such a way that we would want everyone else to act the same way. So if you can’t will the act to everyone then the act is immoral. Kant said, â€Å"Act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become a univ...

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Terrorism - Essay Example FARC is a Marxist-Leninist self-proclaimed organization which aims to get hold of the country’s wealth by overthrowing the Colombian government (Zalman, n.d.). The Baluchistan Liberation Army (BLA) is one of the main ethno-nationalist terrorist groups based in Baluchistan, which is a province of Pakistan. The aim of BLA is to gain independence from the parent country in order to protect rights of the local people (Chossudovsky, 2007). BLA has been involved in a number of human rights violations and terrorist activities, such as, brutal torture, bomb attacks, extrajudicial executions, and enforced disappearances. A number of cases have occurred in which the militants of the Baluchistan Liberation Army have attacked innocent civilians and have shot them to death after torturing them brutally. The attack on the founder of Pakistan’s residency in 2013, commonly known as Jinnah residency, was also carried out by the militants of the Baluchistan Liberation Army (Reuters,

Oriented Programming and Software Engineering Essay

Oriented Programming and Software Engineering - Essay Example According to Lock (2007), excusable delays are delays that are beyond control of both the owner and the contractors. Excusable delays are caused by natural and man-made calamities such as severe weather, fires and floods as well as transport delays and labour strikes that are beyond control of both the project owner and the contractor. Concurrent delays are project delays arising from delaying two or more projects within a specified time frame and are caused by contractor or owners events. The aggrieved party can claim damages from the other. Compensable delays are project delays that require one party to the contract to demand damages from the party that caused the delays. Damages are paid due to increased project costs caused by increased crew size and cost of raw materials as well as loss of productivity as a result of interrupted work sequence. The effects of projects delays include increased cost of the projects; deny owner and contractors other business opportunities and cause tempers (Assaf and Al-Hejji 2009). Time management techniques that this research will address include critical path method, non-delay approach, precedence requirement, optimal timing and project crashing (Mishra and Soota 2006). 4.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Assaf and Al-Hejji (2006) ascertained that 70 percent of construction projects in Saudi Arabia experience time overruns. According to Levy (2009), project delays result in increased cost of the project, dissatisfaction, lost opportunities and escalated tempers. It also dampens reputation of the contractor and may negatively influence future awards of projects. The cost of delays is significant to both the contractor and the owner. Increased in cost of delayed project is attributed to escalating cost of construction materials, equipment and office rental, and labour because project cost are time related. Therefore, there is need to minimise construction projects delays 4.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH First, the research will provide insight into the causes and effects of project delays and recommends how project delays can be reduced. Therefore, it will be helpful to experts in construction industry. Secondly, findings of the research will form the basis of literature review for scholars who will find it useful in their future study of the industry. Thirdly, it will increase my understanding and insight in construction projects. 5.0 RESEARCH QUESTIONS What are critical factors that delay projects? What are the effects of activity delays in project management? Which time management techniques promote time execution of project tasks? 6.0 DATA COLLECTION 6.1 DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Primary data will be collected to identify factors and assess effects of time delays in construction projects as well as assess various time management techniques. Three research assistants will be engaged in distribution and collection of data. Data will be collected from project locations. The whole research will take a hundred and twent y days. 6.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT (QUESTIONNAIRE) 6.2.1 QUESTIONNAIRE CONSTRUCTION The questionnaire will be developed to obtain

Climate Change Impact on Agriculture Research Paper

Climate Change Impact on Agriculture - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that scientists have recorded a global rise in temperatures that influenced a series of negative events on the earth’s weather patterns. Currently, there is a significant rise in sea level, melting glaciers and intensifying rainstorms. Today, climate change is more profound than what previous generations had to endure resulting in a series of challenges to the world, particularly in the agricultural field. Climate is a dynamic system resulting from physical and chemical interactions in the earth’s structures. The Earth is made up of the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere. The physical and chemical interactions of these structures result in the climate of a region. The atmosphere is part of the climate system that affects the earth directly. This is owing to the spherical nature of the earth. The sun heats up the earth, with more intensity on the equator and less intensity at the poles. This uneven heat distribution gen erates wind that carries the heat from the equator to the poles. The heat is also distributed from the upper-level surface of the atmosphere to the lower level of the atmosphere. The ocean correspondingly distributes heat but at a much slower pace than the atmosphere. The carbon cycle is a chemical exchange resulting from the interaction between the earth systems. The ocean and the biosphere are reservoirs of carbon. 99.9% of the CO2 on earth exists in the lithosphere. Carbon flows among the various reservoirs. Mathez states that photosynthesis by plants and decay affects the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This decaying and photosynthetic effect from the earth’s biosphere occurs after some time. Over a longer time frame, the ocean exerts a more dominant control on the atmospheric CO2. The ocean dominance is as a result of the amount of CO2 in the ocean that is 50 times more than the CO2 in the biosphere. The persistent balance that exists between the earth systems in the ca rbon cycle has maintained the conditions of the earth. It is as a result of this balance that the earth became conducive to evolution and survival of life. The interruption of this dynamic disrupts weather patterns and consequentially results in climate change.

All The Pretty Horses Themes

All The Pretty Horses Themes Cormac McCarthys novel All the Pretty Horses is considered to be a national bestseller not only because it has won the National Book Award but also because the author could touch upon a number of themes which are really close to all the readers. Such themes as the themes of good and evil, and human nature are the most significant in our life. Moreover, Cormac McCarthy shows some kind of a conflict between a man and a woman, between the rich and the poor. My goal in this research paper is to analyze all the themes conveyed by the author in his novel All the Pretty Horses and to prove the fact that this novel is really the greatest American novel of 20th century . To achieve this goal, I have organized my essay into several sections, two of which have some sub-sections. In the first section of my essay, I am going to discuss the authors style of writing which impressed both the readers and the literary critics. In the second section of may paper, Id like to discuss the numerous themes using the contents of the book All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy. In conclusion of my essay, Ill summarize the main points of my paper and express my personal opinion on the issue discussed in my essay. Now Id like to turn to the first section of my paper. CORMAC MCCARTHYS STYLE OF WRITING AND ITS ROLE IN THE THEME PERCEPTION OF THE NOVEL ALL THE PRETTY HORSES Cormac McCarthys novel All the Pretty Horses, the first novel of his Border Trilogy, was published in 1992. All the readers were greatly impressed by his simple style of writing which was represented by the minimum use of punctuation, the absence of commas (in some places), dashes, semicolons, parenthesis, ellipses and quotation marks (especially in dialogues). The use of full stops is a standard use of punctuation in his novel. (Jarret) Most of the sentences are complex and long. In single sentences, the author describes numerous actions which are separated by a long chain of conjunctions. He minted a great deal of compound words which made his writing style unique. His prose represents a striking contemporary context both simple and highly accomplished. (Jarret) His style of writing is often compared with William Faulkner and Ernest Hammingways style. He became labeled writers writer. (Stephen) The author uses a lot of stylistic devises among which are various metaphors which make his speech vivid. Besides, Cormac McCarthy uses expressive imagery and different philosophical asides in order to develop the themes of his novel. (Bell) THE MULTIPLE THEMES REPRESENTED BY CORMAC MCCARTHY IN HIS NOVEL ALL THE PRETTY HORSES It is interesting to know that Cormac McCarthy is trying to convey many themes in his novel All the Pretty Horses. Id like to turn to most of them in my essay. Now some words about the main character John Grady Cole. A sixteen year old John Grady Cole lived with his grandfather on a small ranch in Texas. After his grandfathers death their ranch was signed to John Gradys mother, but she decided to sell it. The father of the young man was seriously injured in the World War II and he did not offer any help to his son John. So, the young man had no future in Texas and decided to go to Mexico. His friend Lacely Rawlins accompanied him. The Theme of Real Friendship. One of the main themes in this novel is the theme of good and evil. The main characters often run into both good and bad people. The sacred violence is shown throughout the novel. (Hall, Wallach) Of course, the best friends of them are the horses. What John Grady loved in horses was what he loved in men, the blood and the heat of the blood that ran them. (McCarthy) Lets recall the situation when John saw his horse Redbo in a stable for the first time after his jailing, Redbo whinnied and was very happy to see John again. As a matter of fact, the novel is focused on the horses. We can see how the characters of the novel catch and ride them, how they breed and rescue them. They not only talk about horses, they admire them and philosophize about them. Moreover, the horses are the main source which connects young people to nature. The horses represent a part of the beautiful landscape scenes which are described by the author in the best way. Also the horses help the main characters to escape from danger. The Theme of Inevitable Evil. The theme of inevitable evil is also shown by the author in his novel. Cormac McCarthy said that there is no such a thing as life without bloodshed and he proves this fact in his literary work. There are many examples of rage display, one of them is the following situation. John Grady and his friend Rawlings came to the La Purisima ranch. The young men were treated ill. Alejandra decided to use John as a so-called pawn in her rebellion. Rocha let the police to arrest the young men. Alfonsa fought against John Grady in order to get rid of the rage which was connected with her past. The young men could not believe that the members of two communities took concerted actions. They were thrown into the prison and blamed in committing a crime. These angry people were unjust to young men who were so innocent and could not do anything against their aggression. Rawlings decided to return home because he could not cope with injustice of human nature. John Grady tri ed to appropriate the violence which was inflicted on him and he wanted to take vengeance. He decided to return to San Angelo with two the most vital things he had his horses and his pride. (McCarthy) The Theme of Coming of Age. The other theme which is shown by the author in his novel All the Pretty Horses is the theme of coming of age. Cormac McCarthy represents the life of young people who rebelled against their family and found their love. For John Grady love is the main thing in his rite of passage. In San Angelo he was a stranger: his mother was indifferent to him, his father was a miserable ill man whose life was completely ruined. However, at the end of the story, we can see that this young man John Grady has got all the qualities to be a true hero who can easily be a good father to Jimmy Blevins, a rather dangerous boy, a passionate lover to the young girl Alejandra, a real friend to Rawlins. The most significant thing is that John Grady did not lose his faith. We can see a clever and an experienced man when he leaves San Angelo at the end of the novel. He returns to Texas a changed man but there is no home, nobody is waiting for him: his father is dead, his childhood nur se is dead too. The Theme of Competing Moral Codes. The theme of competing morals is also touched by the author in the literary work. Cormac McCarthy shows us the character of John Grady in such situations when he meets those people who are immoral. He fells his love for Alejandra in the context of right and wrong, Duena Alfonsa, Alejandras god mother, thinks quite the contrary. She wants John to leave Alejandra alone because Don Hestor will never permit her to marry a poor American young man. The captain and Emilio Perez repudiate the idea of tainted money. Moreover, they jeer the young mans opposition to pay for his way out of prison. It is clear that John Grady becomes a real hero not only due to his idealistic beliefs and his relation to life but also because he can give up his ideas in situations of restoring justice and saving life. For example, when Don Hestor asked John about his past, he did not tell him about Jimmy Blevins and the fact that he and his friend Lacey Rawlins may be on the wan ted list for the horse theft. The other situation takes place in the prison where John and Rawlins were taken. The young men are terribly beaten and John sees that Rawlins is seriously injured. John Grady kills a prisoner who attacked him and understands that the evil lives inside him too. Another situation which shows the moral codes of our characters is the last Johns meeting with Alejandra. He loved her, he wanted to be with her. However, she changed her decision and chose her family approval and life in the rich house. The Theme Of Love. Cormac McCarthy represents the theme of love through the relations of his main character John Grady Cole and a young beautiful girl Alejandra. Sometimes it seems that the author wanted to show the same story as William Shakespeare showed in his Romeo and Juliet. The young man John who was only 16 met a beautiful young girl Alejandra, the daughter of Rocha, at La Purisima hacienda where he and his friend Rawlins came to work as cowboys. The first time he saw her riding on a black Arabian horse and fell in love with her. She also fell in love with this young man. She invited him and his friend to the party where she danced with John. John found her hands tender and small and her waist nice and slight. In spite of warnings of Donna Alfonsa who protected Alejandra the young man and the young girl started to have rides at night time together, they went swimming at the lake together. They became lovers. She came to his room every night for a period of nine nights and they were happy to make love. However, then she returned to Mexico. John wanted to be with her and he went to Mexico City and found her there. However, Alejandra had changed. She said that she was afraid of her father who wanted to kill John. She decided to say no to John, and for the last time they made love in the hotel and then parted never to meet again. The Theme of Family Relations. Cormac McCarthy showed another important theme the theme of family relations by the example of John Gradys family. Such family relations affected his future and his character in a way. Johns mother left him when he was a baby. A Mexican woman took care of him and became his second mother. Johns father could not pay him attention because he was away taking part in the World War II but he taught him to love horses. Johns grandfather did not give the boy the parenting he wanted to get. The other character of the novel is Lacey Rawlins whose family was a poor one and he decided to escape and live alone. Jimmy Blevins, a small boy who was 13 years old, did not have a family at all. These young men needed family and were unhappy. Their unfortunate family relations had great influence on their emotional and psychological state. The Theme of Nature. The author pays special attention to nature in his novel. The beauty of nature described in the book helps him to show the characters attitude to the earth, horses, wonderful landscapes, lakes and rivers and reveal the best qualities of their characters. Johns relationships with horses show the close connection between nature and all the human beings. He had a long journey which changed him as a man. He experiences love and cruelty, theft and killing, prison and the system of justice. In each situation nature helped him to survive. CONCLUSION In conclusion, I should say that Cormac McCarthys novel All the Pretty Horses is really a great literary work which can teach us to love nature, to love our country and our family. It shows us how to fight with injustice and how to survive. I think that all the themes the author conveyed in his novel are still actual for the present day life. The author could discover human nature in his novel by the examples of main characters and their attitude to horses as a part of nature.

Girls Of Slender Means :: essays research papers

Joanna’s and Jane’s lifestyles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Girls of Slender Means by Murial Spark is a novel about the girls who lived in the May of Teck Club during the year of 1945. There are many characters involved, but the one’s who caught my attention the most are Jane Wright and Joanna Childe. They represent different aspects of ideas, lifestyles and, also, have different perspectives on the “World of Books.';  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joanna Childe was the daughter of a country rector. She was very intelligent, had “...strong obscure emotions'; (8), and “...religious strength'; (165). She was very well build. “Joanna Childe was large...'; (9), “... fair and healthy-looking...'; (22). She had light shiny hair, blue eyes and deep-pink cheeks. She never used a scrap of make-up because she didn’t really care about her looks and she wasn’t looking for a husband either.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane Wright, on the other hand, was very fat and felt miserable about it. She tried to blame her work for her appetite. “...[she] was miserable about her fatness and spent much of her time in eager dread of the next meal, and in making resolutions what to eat of it and what to leave, and in making counter-resolutions in view of the fact that her work at the publisher’s was essentially mental, which meant that her brain had to be fed more than most people’s'; (35-36). Unlike Joanna, Jane “...was on the look-out for a husband,...'; (32) since she was only twenty two years old.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joanna’s and Jane’s occupations evolved around the world of books. However, they had different perspectives about it. Jane worked for a publisher and Joanna attended a school of drama to be a teacher of elocution. Jane thought of the publishing business as “...essentially disinterest[ing]'; (39), while Joanna chose her profession because of her love for poetry. “...poetry, especially the declamatory sort, excited her and possessed her; she would pounce on the stuff, play with it quivering in her mind, and when she had got it by heart, she spoke it forth with devouring relish'; (8). Joanna was highly thought of for it and Jane “...was considered to be brainy but somewhat below standard, socially, at the May of Teck'; (19).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both women were similar in that they did additional work besides the one’s mentioned above. Joanna had students of her own whom she taught how to speak properly, with no accent. “Joanna’s method was to read each stanza herself first and make her pupil repeat it.'; (21). Jane had several kinds of “...brain-work'; (41). “First and secretly, she wrote poetry of a strictly non-rational order, in which occurred, in about proportion of cherries in a cherry-cake, certain words that she described as ‘of a smouldering

Twain’s problematic ending of Huck Finn

The adventures of Huckleberry Finn is known as one novel that has brought controversy from the time it was published in the year 1884 (Pearl par 1). It was banned in major public libraries many referring to it as â€Å"trash. † Currently, many regard it as a classical American novel though others still critic it in one area or the other. It is a novel from where â€Å"all modern literature† was derived and modern scholars and critics now treats it as great work of art in America (Pearl par. 1). Perhaps the greatest irony is that though it received great criticism, of all the MT’s novels, it is the one that sold most immediately when it was published. Hunk Finn, as it is commonly referred to, is set in the Mississippi river town of St. Petersburg, Missouri and the various locations along that river through Arkansas (SparkNotes, screen 21). The major conflict in the novel is portrayed as the main character (protagonist), Huck struggles with a society (antagonist) that is trying to civilize him. The conflict is also intensified as Hunk deals with Jim who is a black slave; since Hunk must decide whether to reject Jim and please the society or protect him and follow his conscience. This essay shows that Twain’s ending of the novel betrays the true subject of the work. The novel ends with the three boys Huck, Tom and Jim escaping from a shed where they had been surrounded by about fifteen farmers guarding Jim, the black slave (Twain 361). They make a hole in the wall to escape but as they does, Tom makes some noise and what follows is the shooting that leaves a bullet in Tom’s leg who portrays himself a hero. However, Huck and Jim are concerned about the condition of the leg and upon Jim’s suggestion; they go to look for a doctor. This only worsens things for Jim who is captured by the locals and is chained as they bring Tom home on a mattress accompanied by the doctor. By this time Huck has already run home having left the two boys alone. The locals have decided to hang Jim though no one does it as they are afraid of compensating the slave owner. They are therefore left with no other option than to treat Jim roughly until the time when the doctor comes and saves him by explaining that it is him who in fact saved Tom’s leg from deteriorating by nursing him (Twain 377). When Tom however learns that Jim was still in chains, he reveals to them that in fact Jim had already been set free thus was no longer a slave. This allows the reader to glimpse the character trait of Tom. Though he had known all along that Miss Wanton who had died two months earlier had set Jim free in her will, he did not say it because he felt that they needed to device a good plan to rescue Jim. If he had said it earlier, Jim could not have gone through the sufferings that he had experienced. Huck arrived and on enquiring from Tom what he would do if Jim was freed; he replied that he planned to repay Jim for all his troubles and sending him off as a hero. And he said, what he had planned in his head from the start, if we got Jim out all safe, was for us to run him down the river on the raft, and have adventures plumb to the mouth of the river, and then tell him about his being free, and take him back up home on a steamboat, in style, and pay him for his lost time, and write word ahead and get out all the niggers around, and have them waltz him into town with a torchlight procession and a brass-band, and then he would be a hero, and so would we (Twain 387). The Phelpses and Aunt Polly release Jim and feed him on hearing that he helped the doctor to nurse Tom. He is also given forty dollars as a payment for all his troubles (Twain 387). Tom and Huck are not through with their adventure and plan to go for another one to the Indian territories. Huck thinks that Pap had taken all the money but it is Jim who informs him that in fact the dead man he had seen in a floating house was Pap (a cruel and drunk father). It is clear that though the writer of the novel was initially heading to the right direction in his writing, he â€Å"looses focus† (it may have been intentionally) as he comes to end of the novel in the way he presents the relationship between Huck and Jim. All along, the two boys had been together passing through hardships and challenges during their adventure. They are seen doing different things together; for example have to hide the inheritance of the Silk sisters in a coffin away from the greedy â€Å"King† and â€Å"Duke. Huck even comes to a time when he had to decide whether to give the remaining Gherkin (food) from his provisions to Jim or take it himself (Paine Par. 20). Therefore every reader expects Huck’s emotional attachment with Jim to grow. However when Tom appears, a different picture is portrayed with Huck remaining quiet when, they endanger Jim’s life by not telling Phelpses that Jim had already been released by the former Slave master and instead decides to device a plan as part of their adventure. When Jim goes to get the doctor, Huck leaves and runs to his uncle’s place leaving his friend. So then I crept into a lumber-pile to get some sleep; and next time I waked up the sun was away up over my head! I shot out and went for the doctor's house, but they told me he'd gone away in the night some time or other, and warn't back yet. Well, thinks I, that looks powerful bad for Tom, and I'll dig out for the island right off. So away I shoved, and turned the corner, and nearly rammed my head into Uncle Silas's stomach! (Twain 367). The other problem arises because though the novel’s subject is directed to the theme of freedom, at the end Jim who is supposed to be free is not still free. This can be attributed to the mistake that Tom made though intentionally. Jim, who has been technically free for all that time they were in the adventure, is still bound in chains, first in the home of Phelpses before the escape and then by the locals who captured him when he went to bring the doctor who would treat Tom. It is ridiculous that Miss Wanton can not set Jim free when she is alive and has to wait till she dies and does it in her will. Old Miss Watson died two months ago, and she was ashamed she ever was going to sell him down the river, and said so; and she set him free in her will. â€Å"(Twain 383) In conclusion, it is clear that the work of Mark Twain was based on the theme of racism, slavery and freedom thus different readers can critic it using different views. The plot flows smoothly from the beginning but the problem arises in the ending as the reader is left wondering why there is no development in Huck’s character -who is the protagonist and who is supposed to develop in all areas as the plot develops.

How to Write an Accounting Scholarship Essay

How to Write an Accounting Scholarship Essay How to Write an Accounting Scholarship Essay When writing a good Accounting scholarship essay it is important for the writer to read and understand the instructions. This is to make sure one knows well the accounting topic before he or she can start writing. Instructions form the basis or the guideline for which direction the writer will form his or her argument in the accounting subject. This must be followed when the writer is thinking about what he or she is going to write about. In this case the subject is an accounting scholarship essay. It helps for the writer to plan and organize his or her thoughts prior to beginning writing. This is for proper coherence of ideas in the essay. This should be immediately followed by the process of making an outline which helps the writer to organize and streamline thoughts and ideas from the beginning to the end of the essay. Accounting is normally a topic which must be well fitted with specific terms. For one to win a scholarship by writing an accounting essay he or she has to demonstrate that he has more passion and zeal to pursue the course than the rest. A scholarship does not come on a silver plate, it must be earned. A good way to begin writing this essay could be by brainstorming and creating an outline of the relevant ideas to include. Therefore, the writer must see to it that the outline includes all the elements as written in the instructions. The accounting scholarship essay should explain and elaborate in detail every point in the outline. Moreover, accounting scholarship essays must make use of a clear, precise and simplified accounting terminology. Throughout the entire essay the writer has to show some level of maturity in the accounting subject. He or she must be in a position to state and clarify his or her accomplishments in accounting without necessarily showing signs of bragging. The accomplishments in accounting might be the key to winning the scholarship. Furthermore, the writer should see to it that his or her language in accounting is impeccable and without any grammatical mistakes and errors. The question on the accounting scholarship essay must be well addressed and straight to the point, as opposed to throwing ideas here and there without any reliable evidence. To perfect this, there is need for the writer to read the question several times and go through the essay to be sure of what the essay addresses. There should little generalization of the topic or ideas. Lastly, the writer must have someone with p rofound writing and editing experience to proofread the Accounting scholarship essay before it is submitted.

20 CCOT Essay Topics Based on Chemistry Research

20 CCOT Essay Topics Based on Chemistry Research Welcome to our second guide where you are provided with 20 chemistry research topics for a CCOT essay to help you write effortlessly, without muddying up your mind or spending hours researching worthwhile topics for your the subject matter. If you haven’t read the first guide, 10 facts for a CCOT essay on chemistry research, we recommend you check it out before proceeding further since it has a lot of credible information and facts related to Chemistry Research, which will help enhance the context of your essay. Reading those facts will save you many hours of research as we’ve included references along with our first and second guide. In addition to the topics, we have also included a CCOT sample essay at the end based on one of the 20 topics, to give you a clear understanding of how an essay is written on Chemistry Research. Before we start, we just want to let you know that our final and most important guide, how to write a CCOT essay on chemistry research, is crucial to the entire essay writing process as it explains everything from what a CCOT essay is to how it’s written. Without further ado, here are 20 relevant topics we’ve collected for you: What is Analytical Chemistry and How Has it Changed Over the Years? The Analytical Perspective and Some Common Problems Found in Analytical Chemistry What are the Measurement Techniques, Methods, Procedures and Protocols that are used in Chemistry Research? The Classification and Selection of Analytical Methods The Importance, Design and Implementation of the Sampling Plan How Does the Phenomenon of Neuropeptides Work? The Three Classifications of Neuropeptides and its Significance Defined Why the Bonding of Hydrogen is Considered the Most Important Aspect of Biochemistry and Psychiatry The Differentiation between Atomic Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography Why Analytical Chemistry Should Not be Considered a Branch of Chemistry What Has Changed in the Modern Analytical Chemistry World and What Might Change in the Coming Future The Significance of a Highly Electronegative Bond Created by Hydrogen Atoms How Neuropeptides Have Revolutionized Psychiatric Research Why Neuropeptides are Known as the Most Diversified and Complex Class of Signaling Molecules The Significant Emphasis of Equilibrium Chemistry in Analytical Chemistry Basics How Computer Software has Changed the Way We Practice Chemistry Research How Should an Experimental Data be Treated to Ensure Accuracy in Results The Role of Analytical Chemistry in a Broader Perspective and Discipline of Chemistry The Dedication of Publishing Journals Based on Analytical Chemistry Fundamental Developments in Analytical Chemistry We’re sure these topics will give you a great frame of reference. As promised, we’ve also included a CCOT sample essay to help you get started with the writing process and submit an exceptional piece of assignment that’s admired by your professor. Here it is: Sample CCOT Essay: What is Analytical Chemistry and How Has it Changed Over the Years? Like all other fields of chemistry, Analytical Chemistry is also very broad and active discipline of chemistry. It is described as a branch of chemistry, which deals with the characterization and composition of matter. The textbook description of analytical chemistry is: the quantitative and qualitative measurements of chemicals to characterize the composition of matter. However, many experts find this definition to be misleading. In reality, however, analytical chemistry cannot be bound into a single branch of chemistry; in fact, it is the application of chemical knowledge itself or more like a part of chemistry rather than a branch of it. In other terms, the textbook description of Analytical Chemistry is not what it should be, as it ignores the unique perspective that analytics bring to Chemistry. In other words, an appropriate description of Analytical Chemistry would be: the science of development and application of concepts, principles and strategies that allow us to measure the characteristics of a chemical system and species better. Over time, Analytical Chemistry has changed and it will most likely continue to change   as time moves forward, which is what the real description of Analytical Chemistry teaches us – â€Å"the development and application of †¦.†. Ever since Chemistry was discovered, the ways of identifying the characteristics of a particular chemical also came into being, which is now known as Analytical Chemistry. Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff created the first ever instrument, â€Å"flame emission spectrometry†, that made use of Analytical Chemistry in the Western world. These two scientists are renowned for discovering Rubidium (Rb) and Caesium (Cs). After the 1900s, major developments in Analytical Chemistry took place and its instruments became progressively dominant in the field of chemistry. However, many of the basic spectroscopic and spectrometric instruments and techniques took place after the 20th century. These techniques were later refined and transformed to provide high performance, deem more accurate results and better evaluation of chemical bodies. Before the 1970s, Analytical Chemistry was only focused on inorganic molecules, or perhaps very tiny organic moles, but it was never was considered a good option to merge it with biochemistry. However, as the instruments, methods, techniques etc. progressed, so did Analytical Chemistry. It became inclusive of biological questions – paving the way for another field, which is now known as Bioanalytical Chemistry. Lasers became a huge part of Analytical Chemistry and became a dominant tool that’s still being used today to gather data from outer space; i.e. probes and satellites sent to gather data from nearby planets in the solar system. Today, modern Analytical Chemistry is now sub-divided into two categories: Analysis through Modern Instruments Academic Analysis through Study and Research Analytical chemistry is critical for the development of pharmaceutical drugs and medicines. Bioanalytical chemistry plays an important role in making sure that the quality of that particular drug or medicine is effective and doesn’t lead to complications inside the human body. In other terms, Analytical chemistry has become a part of science itself and is considered to be of high significance. This will help science to explore more of our world, especially parts of our world and its interstellar surroundings which are still outside the barriers of human touch. However, thanks to modern technology and instruments, we can gather a significant amount of data to know more about ourselves and the worlds that exist in outer space. Congratulations! You have successfully gained insights into how to compose the perfect CCOT Essay on Chemistry Research. You can always go back to reading 10 facts for a CCOT essay on chemistry research and 20 chemistry research topics for a CCOT essay in order to make sure that you have absorbed even   bit of information that might help you write the essay. Now, it’s time to hone some methods, techniques, formatting sensibilities and tactics of how a CCOT essay in actually written. Let’s head to our final guide: how to Write a CCOT essay on chemistry research. References: Armenta, S., Garrigues, S., De la Guardia, M. (2008). Green analytical chemistry. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 27(6), 497-511. Anslyn, E. V. (2007). Supramolecular analytical chemistry. The Journal of organic chemistry, 72(3), 687-699. Harvey, D. (2000). Modern analytical chemistry (Vol. 1). New York: McGraw-Hill. Kamihara, Y., Watanabe, T., Hirano, M., Hosono, H. (2008). Iron-Based Layered Superconductor La [O1-x F x] FeAs (x= 0.05-0.12) with T c= 26 K. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(11), 3296-3297. Martinez, A. W., Phillips, S. T., Whitesides, G. M., Carrilho, E. (2009). Diagnostics for the developing world: microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Analytical chemistry, 82(1), 3-10. Russo, R. E., Mao, X., Liu, H., Gonzalez, J., Mao, S. S. (2002). Laser ablation in analytical chemistry- a review. Talanta, 57(3), 425-451. Thompson, M., Ellison, S. L., Wood, R. (2006). The international harmonized protocol for the proficiency testing of analytical chemistry laboratories (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78(1), 145-196.

The Ag element Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ag element - Lab Report Example According to Watt (4), Ag has been prized one of the precious metal next to gold from earliest days of Civilizations. Since medieval times, countries have enacted laws to protect this precious metal. This is evidenced by the requirement for the goods made of Ag to be tested as well as stamped before being sold (Watt 4). Silver is a unique element with distinguishable chemical properties. Although Ag is chemically inactive, it may be attacked by concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. In relation to its inactiveness, Ag does not react with oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen at normal temperatures. However, a thin layer of Ag at the surface of the metal can oxidize. Its melting point is 961.930c whereas its boiling point is 2212.00c. The valence electron potential of Ag is 11.4eV. Apart from having a quite moderate ionization potential, Ag has 11.3kj/mol as its heat of fusion. Ag does not react readily with other acids like concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Additionally, Ag does not react with water and other compounds. Another interesting chemical property of Ag is its ability to form many new compounds, as well as dissolve into many solutions. It is as a result of this property that silver is regarded as the most deadly element in humans. It can be absorbed at a slow rate by the body tissue s and organs. Ag damages the cornea when it comes into contact with the eyes. A high concentration of Ag can result in death. The physical properties of Ag are defined by its appearance, density, and malleability. Ag is a whitish metal. It can be polished to produce a silvery shine appearance. Ag is also ductile, and as a result of this, it can be formatted into thin sheets by light beatings. In addition to this, Ag can be bent into any shape because it is malleable. As it was introduced above, Ag is a good conductor of both heat and electricity; it is considered one of the best conductor of heat

Financial_Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial_Managment - Essay Example The other significant cash flows include the firm’s cash flows from operations. These are derived by first getting the revenues after multiplying the forecasted sales volume to the sales price. After getting the revenues, the variable costs for labor and variable costs for materials are subtracted the gross contribution margin is derived. By deducting the additional fixed costs for the project and the depreciation expenses with the absence of income taxes in the analysis is derived, the incremental profit which is also the incremental cash flow. This incremental operating cash flow is significant in the latter analysis for getting the net present value and internal rate of return. The forecasted operating cash flows for the company are as follows: 1350000 in 2008, 1150000 in 2009, 1850000 in 2010, 1100000 in 2011, and 450000 in 2012. The last significant cash flow figure is the terminal cash flow which is comprised of the salvage value of the machinery as well as the recovery of working capital. The salvage value is derived getting the 10% of the purchase price of the machinery amounting to 425,000, which are the estimated selling price of the machinery after five years. The recovery of the working capital at the end of the project amounts to 1350000 in 2012. The total cash flows are then computed according to the year when they occurred. After the significant cash flows are computed, the time value of money should be considered as regards the timing of the cash flow in order to assess the investment well. Because of the time value of money, we need to bring the total cash flows and get their present value using the 12% hurdle rate as discount factor. By getting the present value of the cash flows then deducting the initial investment, we get a net present value of 777,745. The rule of thumb for getting the net present